Tinctura Cinchonae (U. S. P.)—Tincture of Cinchona.
Related entry: Cinchona wossname
SYNONYMS: Tincture of Peruvian bark, Tincture of yellow cinchona.
Preparation.—"Cinchona, in No. 60 powder, two hundred grammes (200 Gm.) [7 ozs. av., 24 grs.]; glycerin, seventy-five cubic centimeters (75 Cc.) [2 fl℥, 257♏]; alcohol, water, each, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl℥, 391♏]. Mix the glycerin with six hundred and seventy-five cubic centimeters (675 Cc.) [22 fl℥, 396♏] of alcohol and two hundred and fifty cubic centimeters (250 Cc.) [8 fl℥, 218♏] of water. Having moistened the powder with two hundred cubic centimeters (200 Cc.) [6 fl℥, 366♏] of the menstruum, macerate for 24 hours; then pack it firmly in a cylindrical glass percolator, and pour on the remainder of the menstruum. When the liquid has disappeared from the surface, gradually pour on more of a mixture of alcohol and water, made in the same proportions as before, and continue the percolation, until one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl℥, 391♏] of tincture are obtained"—(U. S. P.). If too weak in alcohol, this tincture precipitates cinchona-red, together with cinchona alkaloids, in combination with kinic acid. The change is, in a measure, prevented, or at least retarded, by the addition of glycerin. This addition was suggested by Mr. A. B. Taylor (1865), who, upon experimentation, showed that the best menstruum for this tincture was one composed of 2 parts of alcohol and 1 part, each, of water and glycerin, The tincture has a reddish-brown color.
Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—This tincture is commonly used as an adjuvant to other preparations of cinchona or of quinine. It may be given in doses varying from 1 fluid drachm to 1/2 fluid ounce. However, it is seldom used alone.
Related Tincture.—TINCTURA CINCHONAE DETANNATA (N. F.), Detannated tincture of cinchona. "Fluid extract of cinchona (U. S. P.), one hundred and eighty-five cubic centimeters (185 Cc.) [6 fl℥, 123♏]; alcohol, five hundred cubic centimeters (500 Cc.) [16 fl℥, 435♏]; solution of tersulphate of iron (U. S. P.), three hundred and seventy-five cubic centimeters (375 Cc.) [12 fl℥, 327♏]; water of ammonia (U. S. P.), three hundred and seventy-five cubic centimeters (375 Cc.) [12 fl℥, 327♏]; water, diluted alcohol (U. S. P.), of each, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl℥, 391♏]. To the water of ammonia, diluted with fifteen hundred cubic centimeters (1500 Cc.) [50 fl℥, 346♏] of water, gradually add the solution of tersulphate of iron, previously diluted with twenty-five hundred cubic centimeters (2500 Cc.) [84 fl℥, 257♏] of water, under constant stirring. Pour this mixture, containing ferric hydrate as a precipitate, upon a wet muslin strainer (which has been tared, after having been wetted and deprived of excess of water by moderate pressure), and, when the liquid has drained off, return the precipitate to the vessel, and mix it intimately with about four thousand cubic centimeters (4000 Cc.) [135 fl℥, 192♏] of water. Again drain it on the strainer, transfer it once more to the vessel, and treat it as before. Finally drain and press the precipitate on the strainer until it weighs five hundred grammes (500 Gm.) [1 lb. av., 1 oz., 278 grs.]. Mix the fluid extract of cinchona with five hundred cubic centimeters (500 Cc.) [16 fl℥, 435♏] of alcohol, and add the ferric hydrate, previously prepared. Agitate the mixture frequently, until the tincture is deprived of tannin, which may be known by the absence of a blackish-green color when a small portion of the clear tincture is treated with a drop or two of tincture of chloride of iron. insert a plug of absorbent cotton into a suitable percolator, and introduce the mixture. As soon as the liquid has disappeared from the surface, pour on enough diluted alcohol to make the product measure one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl℥, 391♏]. Note.—This preparation is practically identical, in strength of cinchona, (without the tannin), with the official Tinctura Cinchonae"—(Nat. Form.).
Tinctura Cinchonae Composita (U. S. P.)—Compound Tincture of Cinchona.
SYNONYMS: Compound tincture of Peruvian bark, Huxham's tincture of bark.
Preparation.—"Red cinchona, one hundred grammes (100 Gm.) [3 ozs. av., 231 grs.]; bitter orange peel, eighty grammes (80 Gm.) [2 ozs. av., 360 grs.]; serpentaria, twenty grammes (20 Gm.) [309 grs.]; glycerin, seventy-five cubic centimeters (75 Cc.) [2 fl℥, 257♏]; alcohol, water, each, a sufficient quantity to make one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl℥, 391♏]. Mix the glycerin with eight hundred and fifty cubic centimeters (850 Cc.) [28 fl℥, 356♏] of alcohol and seventy-five cubic centimeters (75 Cc.) [2 fl℥, 257♏] of water. Having mixed the cinchona, bitter orange peel, and serpentaria, reduce them to a fine (No. 60) powder. Moisten the powder with two hundred cubic centimeters (200 Cc.) [6 fl℥, 366♏] of the menstruum, and macerate for 24 hours; then pack it firmly in a cylindrical glass percolator, and gradually pour on the remainder of the menstruum. When the liquid has disappeared from the surface, gradually pour on more of a mixture of alcohol and water, made in the same proportions as before, and continue the percolation, until one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl℥, 391♏] of tincture are obtained"—(U. S. P.). This aromatic tincture has a deep reddish-brown color, and an astringent, bitter taste. It is liable to precipitate, like tincture of cinchona, but this is, in a measure, retarded by the glycerin present.
Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—This tincture is an efficient stomachic bitters, and may be used wherever a mild tonic of this character is desired. The dose is 2 or 3 fluid drachms, or more.
Related Tinctures.—TINCTURA CINCHONAE COMPOSITA, Compound tincture of Peruvian bark. The following is the old London formula modified by Prof. King: "Take of calisaya bark, in fine powder, 4 ounces; bitter orange peel, 3 ounces; Virginia snakeroot, in moderately fine powder, 6 drachms; saffron, in coarse powder, 2 drachms; cochineal, in fine powder, 1 drachm; good diluted alcohol, 20 fluid ounces, or a sufficient quantity"—(Lond.). Form it into a tincture by maceration or percolation, as explained under Tincturae, and make 20 fluid ounces of tincture. This tincture is generally known as Huxham's tincture of bark. Prof. King preferred brandy as the menstruum.
TINCTURA ANTIPERIODICA (N. F.), Antiperiodic tincture, Warburg's tincture.—I. Without aloes. Rhubarb, thirty-six grammes (36 Gm.) [1 oz. av., 118 grs.]; angelica seed, thirty-six grammes (36 Gm.) [1 oz. av., 118 grs]; elecampane, eighteen grammes (18 Gm.) [278 grs.]; saffron, eighteen grammes (18 Gm.) [278 grs.]; fennel, eighteen grammes (18 Gm.) [278 grs.]; gentian, nine grammes (9 Gm.) [139 grs.]; zedoary root, nine grammes (9 Gm.) [139 grs.]; cubeb, nine grammes (9 Gm.) [139 grs.]; myrrh, nine grammes (9 Gm.) [139 grs.]; white agaric, nine grammes (9 Gm.) [139 grs.]; camphor, nine grammes (9 Gm.) [139 grs.]; quinine sulphate, one hundred grammes (100 Gm.) [3 ozs. av., 231 grs.]; diluted alcohol (U. S. P.), a sufficient quantity to make five thousand cubic centimeters (5000 Cc.) [169 fl℥, 33♏]. Reduce the fibrous vegetable drugs to a coarse (No. 20) powder, mix this with the myrrh and camphor, previously powdered, and digest the whole, during 12 hours, in a suitable, well-covered vessel, with forty-two hundred and fifty cubic centimeters (4250 Cc.) [143 fl℥, 140♏] of diluted alcohol, on a water-bath, avoiding, as much as possible, any loss of alcohol by evaporation. Then strain off the liquid with pressure, dissolve the quinine sulphate in the strained liquid, with a gentle heat, if necessary, filter, and pass enough diluted alcohol, first through the strainer and then through the filter to make the product measure five thousand cubic centimeters (5000 Cc.) [169 fl℥, 33♏]. Each fluid ounce contains 10 grains of quinine sulphate. Note.—This preparation, made without aloes, is intended to serve as a stock tincture, from which the regular 'Warburg's Tincture' is to be made, when required. 'Warburg's Tincture without Aloes' is also often prescribed or asked for, and in this case the above preparation is to be dispensed. The original formula directed by Dr. Warburg, contained the old Confectio Damocratis as one of the ingredients. The latter is a very complex preparation, many of the constituents being unobtainable at the present day. It has, therefore, been omitted. II. With aloes.—Extract of aloes (U. S. P.), seventeen and one-half grammes (17.5 Gm.) [270 grs.]; antiperiodic tincture, without aloes, one thousand cubic centimeters (1000 Cc.) [33 fl℥, 391♏]. Dissolve the extract in the tincture. Note.—When 'Warburg's Tincture, without any further specification, is ordered, this preparation (containing aloes) is to be dispensed"—(Nat. Form.).
Tinctura Cinchonae Ferrata.—Ferrated Tincture of Cinchona.
SYNONYM: Ferrated tincture of Peruvian bark.
Preparation.—Take of the compound tincture of Peruvian bark, 1 pint; hydroxide of iron, recently precipitated, 1/2 ounce; ammonio-citrate of iron, 256 grains. To the compound tincture add the hydroxide, and digest until all the cincho-tannin, whether pure, oxidized, or combined, is completely eliminated. Then filter, and wash the tannate and excess of oxide with boiling alcohol, to remove any trace of alkaloid which may have been precipitated with the tannin; this alcoholic solution may be evaporated to dryness, the product dissolved in a little water, acidulated with citric acid, and added to the filtered liquor along with the ammonio-citrate of iron (Samuel Simes).
Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—This forms an exceedingly agreeable and energetic invigorative, admirably adapted in the cases of weak and languid habits of children and females, where the body is in a pallid or flaccid state, and very susceptible of fatigue or morbid action. It does not solely depend on the quinine and iron it contains for its value as a curative agent; the grateful and by no means inefficient adjuvants, the orange peel, snakeroot, and other proximate principles of cinchona, independent of quinine, are by no means to be overlooked, and can not be replaced by salts of quinine and iron alone, however scientific their artificial combinations may appear. Each fluid ounce contains 16 grains of ammonio-citrate of iron. The dose is 1 or 2 fluid drachms, 3 or 4 times a day (Samuel Simes).
King's American Dispensatory, 1898, was written by Harvey Wickes Felter, M.D., and John Uri Lloyd, Phr. M., Ph. D.
